Power system state estimation using a direct non-iterative method

This paper describes a new method for state estimation of a non-linear AC power system in a non-iterative manner. This method is based on the Kipnis–Shamir relinearization technique that is used to solve over-defined sets of polynomial equations. The technique transforms the equations to a higher dimensional linear space which allows the states to be solved in a non-iterative manner. Given accurate measurements, this new state estimation method provides the same results as traditional iterative state estimation methods, and the proposed method does not require an initial guess of system states nor does it have issues with convergence.     

A Method for Systematic Assessment of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions by NMR

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that lack stable conformations and are highly flexible have attracted the attention of biologists. Therefore, the development of a systematic method to identify polypeptide regions that are unstructured in solution is important. We have designed an “indirect/reflected” detection system for evaluating the physicochemical properties of IDPs using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This approach employs a “chimeric membrane protein”-based method using the thermostable membrane protein PH0471. This protein contains two domains, a transmembrane helical region and a C-terminal OB (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding)-fold domain (named NfeDC domain), connected by a flexible linker. NMR signals of the OB-fold domain of detergent-solubilized PH0471 are observed because of the flexibility of the linker region. In this study, the linker region was substituted with target IDPs. Fifty-three candidates were selected using the prediction tool POODLE and 35 expression vectors were constructed. Subsequently, we obtained ¹⁵N-labeled chimeric PH0471 proteins with 25 IDPs as linkers. The NMR spectra allowed us to classify IDPs into three categories: flexible, moderately flexible, and inflexible. The inflexible IDPs contain membrane-associating or aggregation-prone sequences. This is the first attempt to use an indirect/reflected NMR method to evaluate IDPs and can verify the predictions derived from our computational tools.     

Exact and Approximate Solutions of Thermoelastic Stresses in Functionally Graded Cylinders

Thermoelasticity behavior of functionally graded thick hollow cylinders with power law and exponentially variations of material properties versus radius is studied analytically. Temperature, displacement and thermomechanical stress distributions are obtained and discussed. Approximate homogeneous multilayer semi-analytical method is used successfully with adequate accuracy and finite layers. Different combinations of ceramics and metals are checked out for thermoelastic stresses due to high temperature and internal pressure. We conclude that the approximate method is simple and has appropriate results. The effects of high temperature on the stresses are more important than the high internal pressure.     

Nash equilibrium cooperative transmission strategy considering competition

In cooperative communications, employing the idle relay node for forwarding data can effectively improve the transmission rate and performance of the wireless networks. Therefore, various relay node selection algorithms are proposed. However, most of the existing algorithms just focus on the benefit caused by relay nodes, while ignoring the negative effect of the backoff duration time which does not exist in direct transmission, when more than one flow compete for the same relay node. To this end, considering both advantage and adverse impact caused by the relay node, we adopt the game-theoretic approach and propose a cooperative transmission strategy based on the Nash equilibrium, named the Nash Equilibrium Cooperative Transmission Strategy (NECTS). The NECTS can not only guarantee the gain of each flow, but also maximize the system performance, and improve the system throughput effectively. Simulation results show that the NECTS can take the advantage of cooperative communications. Meanwhile, it can avoid the unnecessary competition, and its performance outperforms that of the existing methods.     

Robust user equilibrium model based on cumulative prospect theory under distribution-free travel time

The assumption widely used in the user equilibrium model for stochastic network was that the probability distributions of the travel time were known explicitly by travelers. However, this distribution may be unavailable in reality. By relaxing the restrictive assumption, a robust user equilibrium model based on cumulative prospect theory under distribution-free travel time was presented. In the absence of the cumulative distribution function of the travel time, the exact cumulative prospect value(CPV) for each route cannot be obtained. However, the upper and lower bounds on the CPV can be calculated by probability inequalities.Travelers were assumed to choose the routes with the best worst-case CPVs. The proposed model was formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved via a heuristic solution algorithm. A numerical example was also provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model and the efficiency of the solution algorithm.     

The Investigation of the Fractional-View Dynamics of Helmholtz Equations Within Caputo Operator

It is eminent that partial differential equations are extensively meaningful in physics, mathematics and engineering. Natural phenomena are formulated with partial differential equations and are solved analytically or numerically to interrogate the system’s dynamical behavior. In the present research, mathematical modeling is extended and the modeling solutions Helmholtz equations are discussed in the fractional view of derivatives. First, the Helmholtz equations are presented in Caputo’s fractional derivative. Then Natural transformation, along with the decomposition method, is used to attain the series form solutions of the suggested problems. For justification of the proposed technique, it is applied to several numerical examples. The graphical representation of the solutions shows that the suggested technique is an accurate and effective technique with a high convergence rate than other methods. The less calculation and higher rate of convergence have confirmed the present technique’s reliability and applicability to solve partial differential equations and their systems in a fractional framework.     

Exploring relationships between various activations of granular activated carbon on silver and gold adsorption: A kinetic and equilibrium study

This investigation examined various kinetic and equilibrium models for gold (Au) and silver (Ag) adsorption from cyanide leach solution, onto surface of granular activated carbon (GAC) with 10, 35, 70 and 100% activities. Results indicated that the initial rate for Au and Ag adsorption is similar and increases by increasing the GAC activities. Outcomes showed that the adsorption for low activity GAC is proportional to the number of adsorption sites while the rate-limiting can be chemisorption for GAC with high activity. Thus, even low amount of contaminations on the fresh GAC can significantly decrease the capacity of precious metals adsorption.     

A fast branch,bound and remember algorithm for disassembly line balancing problem

In recent years, the interests of disassembly line have increased owing to economic reasons and the increase of environmental awareness. Effective line can provide many advantages in terms of economic aspect and it facilitates competition the companies with others. This study contributes to the relevant literature by a branch, bound and remember algorithm for disassembly line balancing problem with AND/OR precedence. The proposed exact solution method employs the memory-based dominance rule to eliminate the reduplicated sub-problems by storing all the searched sub-problems and to utilise cyclic best-first search strategy to obtain high-quality complete solutions fast. In this paper, minimising the number of stations is taken as the performance measure. The proposed methodology is tested on a set of 260 instances and compared with the mathematical model using CPLEX solver and five well-known metaheuristics. Computational results show that the proposed method is capable of obtaining the optimal solutions for all the tested instances with less than 0.1?seconds on average. Additionally, comparative study demonstrates that the proposed method is the state-of-the-art algorithm and outperforms the CPLEX solver and metaheuristics in terms of both solution quality and search speed aspects.     

镀锌层硅酸盐+虫胶复合转化膜的制备和表征

目的阻碍热镀锌板出现白锈,提高镀锌层的耐腐蚀性能。方法采用正交试验法优化出添加虫胶水溶液的有机无机复合钝化液。通过电化学Tafel极化曲线、交流阻抗(EIS)、乙酸铅点滴和中性盐雾试验,对比分析基体、硅酸盐+虫胶复合钝化膜与铬酸盐钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能。采用摩擦法测试对比分析基体和无铬钝化膜试样的附着性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和红外光谱对形貌和结构进行分析。结果添加虫胶水溶液的复合钝化膜表面平整致密,72 h中性盐雾试验后的腐蚀面积小于10%。乙酸铅点滴试验和电化学测试显示,复合钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能较基体好。附着力试验测试显示,复合钝化膜具有良好的附着能力。结论因为复合钝化液中的虫胶与硅酸盐交织为O—Si—CH_2结构,与金属离子结合生成致密的膜层附着在镀锌层表面,使得复合钝化膜致密平整,且使腐蚀过程得到了强烈的抑制。     

核燃料用γ-U合金的成分规律

铀合金作为一种重要核燃料,其体心立方结构的高温稳定的γ-U合金具有较好的综合性能,是合金设计所追求的目标。本文引入描述稳定固溶体结构的"团簇加连接原子"模型,用于建立γ-U固溶体合金的结构模型和相应成分式,指出其结构单元为体心立方第一近邻配位多面体团簇加3个连接原子构成。进而利用该结构单元对现有合金成分进行了解析,能够稳定形成体心立方bcc结构的合金均满足上述模型,如[Mo-U14]Mo3(U-10.7Mo),[Zr-U14]Nb3(U-7.5Nb-2.5Zr,即不锈铀)等,这些合金实际上均在各自体系中具有最优良的结构稳定性,显示出优异的耐蚀性。本文证实,基于团簇加连接原子模型的成分设计方法在预测γ-U合金成分与性能上具有重要指导价值。